Thursday, February 19, 2015

Harper Lee Sequel

I saw this story on the BBC News and thought you should see it:

Lee to publish Mockingbird 'sequel'

An unpublished novel by Harper Lee is to finally see the light of day, 60 years after the US author put it aside to write To Kill a Mockingbird.

Read more:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-31118355

Monday, January 26, 2015

Themes : Comparative Poetry

Poetry Themes

Childhood
Piano
Half past two
Hide and Seek

Parent - Child Relationships
Poem at 39
Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night
A Mother in a Refugee Camp
If - 
Once Upon a Time

Love and Death
Sonnet 116
Remember 
My Last Duchess
La Belle Dame Sans Merci
Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night

Death and War
War Photographer
A Mother In A Refugee Camp
Prayer Before Birth

Memory/ Remembrance
Piano
War Photographer
Remember
Half-Past Two
Hide and Seek

Attitudes to Life
If- 
Prayer Before Birth
The Tyger
Telephone Conversation
Once Upon a Time

Time
Half past Two
Sonnet 116
Remember

Wednesday, January 21, 2015

Piano

Nb: In Italian, 'piano' means 'lentement/doucement' / softly, quietly - echoes first word of teh poem, 'Softly' (the internal music of the poem)


Piano
D.H. Lawrence

(1885-1930). Know for his 'erotic' (for the time) literary novels: sons and lovers, and Lady Chatterly's lover.

Piano is a lyric poem,
12 lines, aabbc poem
The persona remembers his childhood while listening to a woman singing to him.
The poem is divided into 3 stanzas/quatrains (present, past, present), between stanza 2 and 3, the juxtaposition between the 'old Sunday evening' and the present moment creates enough pain that the persona begins to 'weep.'

Lyric poetry
A short poem with a song-like quality
The persona addresses the listener to explain/explore certain emotions. They are not narrating a story, but presenting his or her own feelings, state of mind, or perceptions.

Key Theme:
Remembrance
Nostalgia - and that power of memories to reduce a grown man to tears.

Language choices/Diction
the vista of years (vista: a view; an awarenes of a passage of time)
the boom of the tingling strings
the insiduous mastery of song - hint of betrayal

Semantic field of music:
piano, singing, sings, song, hymns, tinkling piano, appassionato

Sibilance
compare:
softly, in the dusk (the 's' sounds like a whisper, enticing)
to!
in spite of myself, the insidious mastery of song (the 's' sounds sinister, mocking)
they're being heard down the 'vista of years'

Enjambment
My manhood is cast
down in the flood of remembrance
(the reader has to move down the page to reach 'down' and so the movement downwards is stressed)

Enjambment

My manhood is cast

down in the flood of remembrance

(the reader has to move down the page to reach 'down' and so the movement downwards is stressed)



Imagery

'the flood of remembrance' - overwhelming rush of waters, like tears which will cause him to weep.

The mother - a woman with 'small, poised feet' and who 'smiles as she sings'

note: hymns are upholding 'God' but here it is the piano who is 'our guide' when the snow is falling outside - subtley raises the importance of the piano.



Repetition

weeps (line 8) - the 'heart' of the persona weeps (silently but profoundly

weep (line 14) - 'down in the flood of remembrance' he weeps (for real) for the past



Contrast (contasts weave through this poem, binding images and moments together)

'softly' the woman sings in the dusk (line 1) and 'the singer to burst into clamor with the great black piano appassionato (lines 11-12) (appassionato - with be played with great passion)

'dusk' between the opening of the poem and the 'old Sunday evenings at home'

the realisation that there is no difference between the persona as a man and as a child. At the end he weeps 'like a child for the past'.
 
 
Early and revised version of poem:
D.H. Lawrence webpage by University of Nottingham
Good (quick/efficient) Biographies
If you have time, do 'google', Lawrence quotes - there are some good ones!


Prayer Before Birth


Prayer Before Birth



"The writer today should be not so much the mouthpiece of a community as its conscience, its critical faculty, its generous instinct" Louis MacNiece.



Louis MacNiece (1907-1963)

Male Irish poet

Friend of W.H. Auden

Worked for BBC for 20 years, published Dark Tower,


Prayer Before Birth

The speaker/persona is an unborn baby, calling out from its mother's womb. Don't forget, this monologue is a prayer, a plea (let them not make me a stone and let them not spill me, otherwise kill me) and so addressed to God (or, to the mother). As with "Tyger" we have to question what kind of divine figure would create such a world!


Structure

8 stanzas of unequal length (echoes chaotic state of the world?)

Anapaest metre (two short syllables and then one long one) creates a rolling effect, useful in poems with long line.


Stanza movement

Starting with reference to child-like fears (bloodsucking bats, club-footed ghouls) then poem moves through scenes of torture, enticing scenes of pastoral beauty, the way his soul will be manipulated and betrayed by his own words and thoughts and so the world itself, the way he will be an actor on a stage with both real humans and personified nature, and ultimately his fear of industrialisation (cog in a machine) and becoming cannon fodder in another war (dragoon me into a lethal automaton).

The poem then builds to a crescendo, as the last two lines are offset - and terrible in their message: (let them not make me a stone and let them not spill me, otherwise kill me)


Themes

religion

fear of industrialisation (cog in a machine) and becoming cannon fodder in another war (dragoon me into a lethal automaton). This poem was written during WW2, however, the message transcends the war to become timeless, universal.


Repetition

"I am not born yet" is repeated at the start of every stanza - giving a hopeless, tortured feel to the voice. As with the meter, it creates a rolling, wave-like effect. Incessant.

Pronouns. Just count all the "me," "my" and "I's"! Also, "Oh hear me / O fill me" as well as "console me/provide me / forgive me/ rehearse me".


Alliteration

bloodsucking bat, sky to sing, murder by means... all keys to a strong internal logic.


Assonance

tall walls, bat or the rat, wise lies - not only gives force to words and to word groupings, but also creates internal rhyme. This speaker, though an unborn child, can tightly control his voice and his ideas. The compact logic of the word choice chillingly suggests that the speaker's logical approach to the outside world is equally well measured.


Verbs choices

walls wall / racks rack/ words will speak the child / thoughts will think him

Verbs that echo their nouns suggest that things will do what they are programmed to be... following this logic, the child will have to become what the world programmes him to be (a stone, a cog, a dragoon). Note the use of imperative: in the parts I must play, the cues I must take. Equally, then, once born he will have no choice but to become what was fore planned.


Personification of the natural world

Trees talk to me / Skies sing to me / Birds and a white light... to guide me.

The natural world entices him but, be aware, the "white waves call me to folly and the desert calls me to doom" and "mountains frown at me" and so, even the natural world, has become corrupt and deadly.


Metaphors.

These emphasize the lack of control the persona will have in his future life: cog in a machine / to "blow me like thistledown hither and thither"/ like "water held in hands" that "would spill me". He so fears being a "stone," a "lethal automat" that he would rather be killed before birth.


Websites


Tuesday, January 20, 2015

Planner


Wednesday 21 January
Introduce To Kill a Mockingbird + Presentation Themes
 
“Piano” by D.H. Lawrence, poetry anthology
 
Finish “Hide and Seek”by Vernon Scannell, poetry anthology
 
Thursday 22 January
« Prayer Before Birth » by Louis MacNeice
 
To Kill a Mockingbird
Wednesday 28 January
“The Last Night” by Sebastian Faulks
 
If by Rudyard Kipling
 
To Kill a Mockingbird
 
Thursday 29 January
Themes in TKAM
Wednesday 6 February
(Mrs Woods)
“Telephone Call” by Wole Soyinka
 
Writing an Argumentative Paper
Thursday 7 February
(Mrs Woods)
Comparative Poetry
Revising For IGCSE
Lundi 09/02 - room 210
10-12:15 English Language A Paper 1: Written paper 2h 15m
 
2-3:30 English Language A Paper 2: Written paper 1h 30m
Mardi 10/02 - room 210
8 - 9:45 English Literature Paper 1:
Drama and Prose 1h 45m
 
10h-12h Maths sans Frontières
 
2-3:30 English Literature
Paper 2: Unseen Texts and Poetry Anthology 1h 30m
 
 

Monday, January 19, 2015

Hide and Seek

Hide and Seek
by Vernon Scannell

This poem is, on the surface, about a man remembering how he played hide and seek as a boy. Underneath that initial memory, though, the speaker is exploring his ideas about loneliness and how it feels to be abandoned, and even to die.

Literary Techniques
Single stanza poem
First and second person narrative
Some rhyming couplets: out/shout (lines 4/5) and coat/throat (lines 19/20)
Alliteration helps the tone of the reader's voice to fluctuate between excitement ('c'), oppressive ('d'), and to capture the sounds of the sea.

The single (unbroken stanza) and the sound of the sea could lead one to talk about the relentless flow of the sea..  and the relentless movement of childhood experience towards adult understanding)

Alliteration of 'd' : 'dark dank' creates a heavy, oppressive tones
Alliteration of 'c' : 'call out, call out' creates a sense urgency, almost like a bird cry.
Alliteration of the 's': 'smells like seaside'  and 'smells of sand'(the sound of the waves and wind?)
Sibilance  (repeated 's' sound) of 's' throughout poem (sound of the sea..)

Personification; "The darkening garden watches...." and "the bushes hold their breathe" - creates the ominous feeling that the nature world is waiting quietly and so participating in the experience. There is no joy in this wait... for the garden is 'darkening.'

Concept and Themes
Who didn't/doesn’t enjoy playing hide and seek? Do you remember the feeling of hiding in the cupboard, holding your breath, stopping the giggles, in a darkness that seemed at once soft and a bit scary?

Scannell encourages us to remember such memories and to layer them into his poem.

Be careful, though, the poem is asking you to do more than just experience the game with the boy. Scannell requires of us that we seek the message hidden within the three stages of the boy's experience: 1) the tension of hiding from children who 'prowl' 2) the joy of declaring oneself a winner 3) the hollow emptiness of realising one has been abandoned.

Themes: childhood, excitement, loneliness, nostalgia for childhood friends, death (?).

Voice:
First person narrator: The first person narrator is writing from the perspective of 'I'
Second person narrator: the second person narrator speaks to the main character as 'you.' This allows the reader to 'become/imagine they are' the main character.

In this poem we have to find out who is hiding in the poem. Is it an older person speaking to a younger version of himself? Is it an invisible, even internal, presence advising the child? Either way, we have to question why this second person narrator is interested in telling the experience and talking to the boy.

First Person (I)
Call out, call out loud -
"I"m ready. Come and find me"

The juxtaposition of the desire to call out loud when you're meant to be quiet captures the double-bind of the game: the need to hide and the desire to be found, to be noticed, to exist.

There is the possibility that he shouts these words, as later on the speaker advises "better not risk another shouting." If the boy did shout these words ('"I'm ready. Come and find me.") then he was taking "a risk." This possibility increases the sense of fear and anticipation.

Second Person
Now look again at 'call out'.' This is written by someone speaking to the boy.... but then, no, also to us:
You mustn't sneeze...
Be careful that you're feet aren't sticking out...
Don't breathe, don't move, stay dumb 

This advice is both logical and yet also a little creepy: stay dumb.
A person who is dumb is someone who is unable to speak, who is mute. In this way, the speaker no longer has control over his own voice.

At the same time, 'don't breathe...dumb' is an example of parataxis - when clauses, sentences are aligned without conjunctions like and or but. Here it creates an impression of urgency and the idea that the speaker is controlling the boy.

At the same time, the voice tells 'us':

And here they are, whispering at the door,
You've never heard them so hushed before.

Think: why would the children hunting have to be so quiet? What are they afraid of? If someone is 'hushed' it implies they have been told to be quiet or that something is making them be quiet. Are they frightened to enter the shed? 

Is the boy hiding in a place which frightens children?

Physical discomfort
Your legs are stiff, cold bites through your coat, 
dank dark smell of sand moves in your throat.

Look at the writer's choice of words. The cold is personified and is biting through 'your' coat... and the image of the stiff legs and sand in 'your' throat is deadly in its implications. Is the speaker suggesting that the boy (you) is metaphorically  buried in the dark silence of his wooden box/shed/coffin? Remember, he is told to "Hide in (his) blindness." Coupled with the idea he is "mute"... and we have a very dark image of the boy.

Uncurling
The ending is anticlimactic.... because he has been abandoned.
Yet, the realisation is dark and the second person speaker steps back with the full force of adult maturity.  Read the last 7 lines:
"It's time to let them know you are the winner
Push off the sacks, uncurl and stretch
That's better. Out of the shed and call to them -
I've won! Here I am! Come and own up! I've caught you"

Note the excitement of the inversion. He is the 'winner' and he has caught those who were 'prowling' after him.

Very paternal feeling from the second person narrator. He feels the same relief as the boy: that's better. The line between memory and external description is very thin here... but this moment is made to be broken with the last lines:

The darkening garden watches, nothing stirs,
The bushes hold their breathe, the sun is gone 
Yes, here you are - But where are those who sought you?

Note, the last question might be to the boy, but equally (in a moment of internal monologue) it might also be the speaker asking himself

The answer lies in your interpretation of who is hiding in the poem.
A boy simply playing hide and seek... 'they' have gone back home
A memory of the second person narrator as a boy ... they are his lost childhood friends, ones who abandoned him too soon (and so left him a very lonely little boy)

Either way, the emptiness at the end of the poem echoes. The boy experiences a moment of profound loneliness ... and one that could be considered a fundamental element of any one person's life.

Imagery. 
Can you find words/description in the text which capture these contrasting images?
Dark and light
Noise and silence
Childhood pleasures and fears
Isolation as something that is both positive and negative


Wednesday, January 14, 2015

Half Past Two

U.A.Fanthorpe

“Half Past Two” Overview
In this poem, a young boy is held in detention by his teacher – who then forgets about him. As he waits for her to return, he effectively day-dreams. His thoughts are out-of-time, both the time of his teacher and the compound, non-numerical time of other adults in his world. He goes into ‘clockless land of ever’ through the silent act of playing with his hang-nail and the smell of the flowers on his teachers desk.

U.A. Fanthorpe (1929 - 2009)
English teacher and later administrative clerk in a mental health centre. In 2001 she was made CBE for services to poetry. She was also awarded the 2003 Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry.

Comparisons
Other poems in the anthology on the themes of childhood:
If
Prayer Before Birth
Piano
Hide and Seek

Key Points
Narrative poem
Free verse
11 stanzas of three lines
Progressive sense of understanding for reader (though you do have to move backwards and forwards through time of poem).

First person narrator: “I”
Personal thoughts presented in (parenthesis) as asides: (I forget what it was). This creates impression speaker is addressing us and emphasises that time has passed since situation took place.

Capital letters
Teacher is presented with capital S, while boy has lower case ‘h’... until line 25, when the speaker (and so the boy) reduce her to a ‘scuttling creature’ that apologises for making the boy late.


Something Very Wrong – note how the capitals suggest we can hear the teacher’s voice, strong and stern – and so the speaker is caught up in playing the parts both of the boy and his teacher. The juxtaposition of ‘Something Very Wrong’ with the speaker’s aside ((I forget what was) reduces the importance of these words, and thus the strength of the teacher.

Non-Numerical Time
The boy knows a lot of times, and they are presented in ‘compound form’ and ‘non numerical time’ to emphasize the way he has learned them: gettinguptime, timeforbed. These times contrast with ‘half-past two’ and emphasize the difference between child and adult experiences of life. The narrator understands the boy’s perspective of the world, and expects that we will too. 

Personification (also very poetic language)
Clock face, two little eyes, long legs for walking (what a horrible, mean image!)

Onomatopoeia
To click a language – logically illogical the boy’s world does make sense, just not in ‘adult terms’

Oxymoron
Silent Noise – he goes into ‘silent noise’ and into the ‘smell of chrysanthemums’. Following adult reason, such things are impossible but, are they really?

Enjambment (run-on lines)
Often used to create a sense of breathless-ness, he has escaped!

Clockless Land of Ever
How many of us would like to live in a clockless land, where ‘time hides tick-less waiting to be born’? 

Fairytale language
Once upon a time, wicked, for ever (repeated), the idea that the teacher is reduced to ‘scuttling,’ the idea of escaping to a magical, safe land.

Tone
Nostalgic – can you feel the nostalgia for the childish, timeless world
Dreamy
Mocking of the teacher

Resources
http://www.poetryarchive.org/poetryarchive/singlePoet.do?poetId=157
 HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U._A._Fanthorpe?oldid=0" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U._A._Fanthorpe?oldid=0
http://www.poetrycan.co.uk/